Vehicle Carrier Safety Forum publishes guidance on fire response

The Vehicle Carrier Safety Forum has developed comprehensive fire response guidelines for operators of passenger car carriers (PCCs), pure car and truck carriers (PCTCs), and RoRo vessels. These guidelines address the growing challenge of vehicle fires aboard ships, particularly with the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in maritime transport.

The guidelines emphasise that time is critical in fire response, with both internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and EVs reaching peak heat release rates within 6-10 minutes of fire onset. If initial response doesn't control the fire within 10-15 minutes, deployment of Fixed Firefighting Systems (FFS) is recommended.

Key recommendations include developing clear company policies for early FFS deployment, with specific triggers such as confirmed fires in multiple vehicles, multiple alarm activations, or CCTV confirmation of developed fires. The guidelines particularly highlight the complexity of EV fires, noting that lithium-ion battery thermal runaway can create explosive and toxic vapour clouds.

Vessel operators must maintain accurate stowage plans identifying vehicle engine types, consider segregating EVs in defined areas, and develop modified response plans for port operations. The guidelines stress the importance of regular, realistic drill scenarios and pre-identification of expert assistance for complex fire situations.

Post-fire monitoring is crucial, as controlled fires may reignite, particularly with EV batteries. The guidelines also address the dangerous atmosphere that may remain after fire suppression, requiring appropriate personal protective equipment and expert advice before re-entering holds.

These practical guidelines provide a framework for maritime operators to develop vessel-specific procedures whilst recognising limitations of current vessel design, crew training, and onboard equipment.